Polarized training intensity distribution in distance running A case study of the 2021 Olympic long-distance runner

Abstract

In this case study, we analysed the online available one-year training diary of a long-distance runner participating in the 2021 Olympic Games in terms of training volume and training intensity distribution during the year and in different phases to track periodization. Based on the literature, we categorized the distances covered in relation to the athlete's race speed into three zones: Z1 <80% RP; Z2 80-95% RP; Z3 >95% RP. The training intensity distribution was calculated using the Polarization Index: PI = log₁₀ (Z1/Z2 x Z3*100). The athlete's average weekly training volume during the 52-week season was 141.77 ± 27.27 km/week (571.94 ± 106 min/week), completed in 10.4 ± 1.24 training sessions. Throughout the season (Z1: 89.95%; Z2: 4.58%; Z3: 5.43%) and also during the different preparation phases, the training intensity distribution showed a polarized pattern (PI >2.00 a.U.). In a typical interval form, the athlete performed intense training (HIT) at and above the anaerobic threshold twice a week (vLT2). Most (>80%) of the high average weekly training volume was sustained running at low intensities. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) twice weekly in the base period typically took the form of long partial distances at and above the anaerobic threshold (~90% vVO_2max) and short partial (<800m) distances close to race speed. The polarization rate increased as the racing season approached, and more extended interval training at race speeds was used. In conclusion, in addition to the Pyramid distribution, a Polarized training intensity distribution can also be observed during elite distance runners' training.